Quick answer: Write settings inside a with open(...) as f block so the file is flushed and closed deterministically, and call os.fsync for crash-critical data.

Python buffers file writes; if you never close or flush the handle before quitting, the data is lost. A with-block closes the file and commits the write reliably.

How to fix it

1. Use a context manager

Write with with open("settings.json", "w") as f: json.dump(data, f). The with block flushes and closes the file when it exits, committing the write.

2. Force to disk when critical

For data that must survive a crash, call f.flush() then os.fsync(f.fileno()) before the block ends so the OS writes through its own cache.

3. Save on the quit event

Persist settings when handling pygame.QUIT (and before pygame.quit()), not in a deferred path that a hard exit might skip.

Catching the ones you can't reproduce

The hardest version of this to fix is the one you can't reproduce — it only happens on a player's hardware, OS, driver, or save state, under conditions that simply aren't present on your machine. A report that says “it crashed” or “it froze” gives you nothing to act on, so the bug survives release after release while quietly costing you players.

Automatic error capture closes that gap. Each failure arrives with its full stack trace, the device and OS, the build number, and a breadcrumb trail of what the player did right before it broke, so even a failure you have never seen becomes a specific, reproducible issue. Fold identical failures into one signature ranked by how many players each hits, and your worklist sorts itself worst-first instead of arriving as a stream of vague complaints.

This is where a tool like Bugnet earns its place. Its SDK captures every Pygame error automatically with the full stack trace plus device, OS, memory, build, and game-state context, folds duplicates into one grouped issue with an occurrence count, and ties each to the build it first appeared on — so you fix the problem that hurts the most players first and confirm it is gone when its signature disappears from the next release.

A crash you can name from its stack trace is a crash you can usually fix in minutes.