Quick answer: Call pygame.joystick.init, create a Joystick for each detected device, and call init on each before reading get_axis or get_button.
If a connected controller reports zero on every axis, the joystick subsystem was never initialized. Enumerating and initializing each device fixes it. Here is how.
How to fix it
1. Initialize the subsystem
Call pygame.joystick.init() after pygame.init(). Without it, get_count() returns 0 and no devices are visible.
2. Init each device
Loop for i in range(pygame.joystick.get_count()): j = pygame.joystick.Joystick(i); j.init(). An uninitialized Joystick object returns stale or zero values.
3. Handle hotplug events
Listen for JOYDEVICEADDED and create and init the joystick from event.device_index so controllers plugged in after launch start reporting input.
Catching the ones you can't reproduce
The hardest version of this to fix is the one you can't reproduce — it only happens on a player's hardware, OS, driver, or save state, under conditions that simply aren't present on your machine. A report that says “it crashed” or “it froze” gives you nothing to act on, so the bug survives release after release while quietly costing you players.
Automatic error capture closes that gap. Each failure arrives with its full stack trace, the device and OS, the build number, and a breadcrumb trail of what the player did right before it broke, so even a failure you have never seen becomes a specific, reproducible issue. Fold identical failures into one signature ranked by how many players each hits, and your worklist sorts itself worst-first instead of arriving as a stream of vague complaints.
This is where a tool like Bugnet earns its place. Its SDK captures every Pygame error automatically with the full stack trace plus device, OS, memory, build, and game-state context, folds duplicates into one grouped issue with an occurrence count, and ties each to the build it first appeared on — so you fix the problem that hurts the most players first and confirm it is gone when its signature disappears from the next release.
The bug you can't reproduce isn't gone — it's just invisible until you capture it from the player's device.